{"id":20169,"date":"2021-11-15T16:17:23","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T16:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/?page_id=20169"},"modified":"2026-03-13T19:12:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T19:12:09","slug":"frequencies-of-genetic-disease-mutations-by-breed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/frequencies-of-genetic-disease-mutations-by-breed\/","title":{"rendered":"Frequencies of genetic disease mutations by breed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Frequencies of Genetic Disease Mutations by Dog Breed<\/h3>\n

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Shetland Sheepdog<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

A knowledge and understanding of mutation frequencies for genetic diseases found within and between dog breeds is a prerequisite for conscientious breeders and veterinarians wishing to make sustainable breeding and informed medical decisions.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, information on mutation frequency is limited and not always readily accessible within the public domain.\u00a0 This page, “Frequencies of Genetic Disease Mutations by Dog Breed” is an attempt to address this issue.<\/p>\n

Three sets of mutation frequency data for dogs are presented, compiled by dog breed and by genetic disease.\u00a0 These data sets are as follows:<\/p>\n

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Papillon, Continental Toy Spaniel<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

Labgenvet data<\/strong>:\u00a0 In 12 years of operation, the Laboratory of Veterinary Genetics (Labgenvet) was able to perform over 7,000 tests for dog genetic diseases and traits, with samples derived almost exclusively from purebred animals.<\/p>\n

Two thirds of the samples processed were submitted by dog breeders while one third of the samples came from veterinary clinics.<\/p>\n

Samples represented dogs mainly (but not exclusively) from Quebec and Eastern Canada.<\/p>\n

Samples were processed for the specific disease mutation requested using techniques of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.\u00a0 The frequency results presented are inclusive to June 1, 2021.<\/p>\n

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Data from\u00a0<\/strong>Donner et al. (2018):<\/a> This published data set represents 18,000 samples from purebred dogs.\u00a0 Each sample was profiled for\u00a0152 known variant mutations\u00a0<\/a>associated with canine genetic diseases.\u00a0 Testing was by hybridization of sample DNA on a custom designed beadchip microarray.\u00a0 Samples represented both European and North American dogs; results are inclusive to 2018.<\/p>\n

Data from<\/strong> Donner et al. (2023)<\/a>:\u00a0 This published data set represents more than 242,000 purebred dogs from more than 150 countries, profiled for 250 known genetic disease-associated DNA variants.<\/a>\u00a0 Testing was again by hybridization of sample DNA using microarray (gene chip) technologies.<\/p>\n

For all data sets<\/strong>, the frequencies of carrier animals (M\/N)<\/strong> are presented by dog breed, by disease and by number of samples processed.\u00a0 For the Labgenvet and Donner et al. (2018) data, carrier animal (M\/N)<\/strong> frequencies are presented as measured or reported.\u00a0 For the Donner et al. (2023) data, carrier animal (M\/N)<\/strong> frequencies are presented as calculated from reported alternative (mutant) allele (M)<\/strong> frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg formula.\u00a0 Diseases are listed in order of decreasing carrier frequencies with links provided.\u00a0 For autosomal recessive genetic diseases, carrier frequencies of 2% or greater are highlighted in YELLOW<\/strong>,<\/span> to indicate diseases of increased relevance for the dog breed in question. \u00a0For dominant genetic diseases, all carrier frequencies are highlighted in RED<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 This information can also be accessed from the Dog Genetic Disease Search<\/a> page by performing a Search by breed.<\/p>\n

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DOG BREEDS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Airedale Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Akita<\/a><\/p>\n

Alaskan Malamute<\/a><\/p>\n

American Bulldog<\/a><\/p>\n

American Eskimo Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

American Foxhound<\/a><\/p>\n

American Hairless Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

American Staffordshire Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Anatolian Shepherd Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Australian Cattle Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Australian Kelpie<\/a><\/p>\n

Australian Shepherd<\/a><\/p>\n

Barbet<\/a><\/p>\n

Basenji<\/a><\/p>\n

Basset Fauve de Bretagne<\/a><\/p>\n

Basset Hound<\/a><\/p>\n

Beagle<\/a><\/p>\n

Bedlington Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Belgian Malinois<\/a><\/p>\n

Bernese Mountain Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Bichon Frise<\/a><\/p>\n

Biewer Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Black Russian Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Bloodhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Bluetick Coonhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Boerboel<\/a><\/p>\n

Bolonka<\/a><\/p>\n

Bordeaux Mastiff<\/a><\/p>\n

Border Collie<\/a><\/p>\n

Border Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Boston Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Bouvier des Flandres<\/a><\/p>\n

Boxer<\/a><\/p>\n

Boykin Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Brittany<\/a><\/p>\n

Bullmastiff<\/a><\/p>\n

Bull Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Cairn Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Cane Corso<\/a><\/p>\n

Catahoula Leopard Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Caucasian Shepherd Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Chesapeake Bay Retriever<\/a><\/p>\n

Chihuahua<\/a><\/p>\n

Chinese Crested<\/a><\/p>\n

Chinook<\/a><\/p>\n

Chow Chow<\/a><\/p>\n

Clumber Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Cocker Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Collie<\/a><\/p>\n

Coton de Tulear<\/a><\/p>\n

Curly-Coated Retriever<\/a><\/p>\n

Dachshund, Miniature Longhaired<\/a><\/p>\n

Dachshund, Miniature Shorthaired<\/a><\/p>\n

Dalmatian<\/a><\/p>\n

Danish Swedish Farmdog<\/a><\/p>\n

Doberman<\/a><\/p>\n

Dutch Shepherd Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

English Bulldog<\/a><\/p>\n

English Cocker Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

English Setter<\/a><\/p>\n

English Springer Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Eurasier<\/a><\/p>\n

Finnish Hound<\/a><\/p>\n

Finnish Lapphund<\/a><\/p>\n

Fox Terrier (Toy)<\/a><\/p>\n

Fox Terrier (Wire)<\/a><\/p>\n

French Bulldog<\/a><\/p>\n

French Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

German Hunting Terrier (Jagdterrier)<\/a><\/p>\n

German Pinscher<\/a><\/p>\n

German Shepherd<\/a><\/p>\n

German Shorthaired Pointer<\/a><\/p>\n

German Wirehaired Pointer<\/a><\/p>\n

Giant Schnauzer<\/a><\/p>\n

Glen of Immal Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Golden Retriever<\/a><\/p>\n

Gordon Setter<\/a><\/p>\n

Great Dane<\/a><\/p>\n

Great Pyrenees<\/a><\/p>\n

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Greyhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Havanese<\/a><\/p>\n

Irish Setter<\/a><\/p>\n

Irish Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Italian Greyhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Japanese Chin<\/a><\/p>\n

Karelian Bear Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Keeshond<\/a><\/p>\n

Komondor<\/a><\/p>\n

Kooikerhondje<\/a><\/p>\n

Kromfohrlander<\/a><\/p>\n

Labernois<\/a><\/p>\n

Labrador Retriever<\/a><\/p>\n

Lacy Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Lagotto Romagnolo<\/a><\/p>\n

Lakeland Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Lancashire Heeler<\/a><\/p>\n

Lapponian Herder<\/a><\/p>\n

Lhaso Apso<\/a><\/p>\n

Lowchen, Little Lion Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Maltese<\/a><\/p>\n

Manchester Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Maremma Sheepdog<\/a><\/p>\n

Mastiff<\/a><\/p>\n

McNab Shepherd<\/a><\/p>\n

Mi-ki<\/a><\/p>\n

Miniature American Shepherd<\/a><\/p>\n

Miniature Pinscher<\/a><\/p>\n

Miniature Schnauzer<\/a><\/p>\n

Mudi<\/a><\/p>\n

Neapolitan Mastiff<\/a><\/p>\n

Newfoundland<\/a><\/p>\n

Norfolk Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Norwegian Elkhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Norwich Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever<\/a><\/p>\n

Old English Sheepdog<\/a><\/p>\n

Papillon \/ Continental Toy Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Parson Russell Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Pekingese<\/a><\/p>\n

Petit Basset Griffon Vend\u00e9en<\/a><\/p>\n

Plott Hound<\/a><\/p>\n

Pomeranian<\/a><\/p>\n

Poodle (Miniature)<\/a><\/p>\n

Poodle (Standard)<\/a><\/p>\n

Poodle (Toy)<\/a><\/p>\n

Portuguese Water Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Presa Canario<\/a><\/p>\n

Pug<\/a><\/p>\n

Puli<\/a><\/p>\n

Pumi<\/a><\/p>\n

Pyrenean Shepherd<\/a><\/p>\n

Rat Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Redbone Coonhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Rhodesian Ridgeback<\/a><\/p>\n

Rottweiler<\/a><\/p>\n

Russell Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Saarloos Wolfdog<\/a><\/p>\n

Saint Bernard<\/a><\/p>\n

Saluki<\/a><\/p>\n

Samoyed<\/a><\/p>\n

Schapendoes<\/a><\/p>\n

Schipperke<\/a><\/p>\n

Schnauzer Standard<\/a><\/p>\n

Scottish Deerhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Scottish Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Shar Pei<\/a><\/p>\n

Shetland Sheepdog<\/a><\/p>\n

Shiba Inu<\/a><\/p>\n

Shih Tzu<\/a><\/p>\n

Siberian Husky<\/a><\/p>\n

Siberian Laika<\/a><\/p>\n

Silky Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Spanish Water Dog<\/a><\/p>\n

Stabyhoun<\/a><\/p>\n

Staffordshire Bull Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Swedish Vallhund<\/a><\/p>\n

Tibetan Mastiff<\/a><\/p>\n

Tibetan Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Tibetan Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Treeing Walker Coonhound<\/a><\/p>\n

Vizsla<\/a><\/p>\n

Volpino Italiano<\/a><\/p>\n

Weimaraner<\/a><\/p>\n

Welsh Corgi, Cardigan<\/a><\/p>\n

Welsh Corgi, Pembroke<\/a><\/p>\n

Welsh Springer Spaniel<\/a><\/p>\n

Welsh Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

West Highland White Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n

Whippet<\/a><\/p>\n

Yorkshire Terrier<\/a>[\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Frequencies of Genetic Disease Mutations by Dog Breed [vc_row][\/vc_row] [vc_row] A knowledge and understanding of mutation frequencies for genetic diseases found within and between dog breeds is a prerequisite for conscientious breeders and veterinarians wishing to make sustainable breeding and informed medical decisions. Unfortunately, information on mutation frequency is limited and not always readily accessible…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","description-off"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20169"}],"version-history":[{"count":253,"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24506,"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20169\/revisions\/24506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labgenvet.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}